Adrenocortical Carcinoma Therapeutics – Pipeline Analysis 2018

Adrenocortical carcinoma, also known as adrenal cortex carcinoma, is a rare form of cancer that occurs at the cortex layer of the adrenal gland. There are two adrenal glands present in the human body: one at the top of each kidney.

Each adrenal gland is comprised of two distinct structures: the outer part of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex) and the inner region (adrenal medulla). Some of the genetic condition that can cause adrenocortical carcinoma are Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Carney complex, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

Some of the most common symptoms of this medical condition includes abdominal pain, lump in the abdomen, and feeling of fullness. The disease can be diagnosed by imaging technique such as computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biopsy, blood tests, and urine tests. Millendo Therapeutics Inc. is in the process of developing ATR-101 as an acetyl CoA C-acetyltransferase inhibitor for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.

Merck & Co., Inc. is also in the process of developing pembrolizumab as a CD274 antigen inhibitor for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma. Some of the other companies and universities having the pipeline drug for adrenocortical carcinoma includes the Columbia University, Medunik Canada Inc., HRA Pharma, and others.

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Clinical Trials & Results of MDM2 Protein Inhibitors Therapeutics

MDM2 protein are powerful oncogene which is overexpressed in various cancers, including breast cancer and sarcoma. There are many small molecule drug candidates that are being developed as MDM2 protein inhibitors as monotherapy or combination therapy for the treatment of various cancers. Combination therapies are more effective than monotherapy in certain cases. The therapeutic strategies aim at blocking MDM2 expression, blocking the physical interaction between MDM2 and p53, modulating the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of MDM2 and targeting the MDM2-p53 (protein–protein) complex, for the treatment of various indications.

MDM2 protein therapies have shown positive clinical results for the treatment of various cancers. Also, researches have demonstrated that additional biomarkers are required to be identified to increase the chances of clinical success as mutations in p53 can lead to resistance to MDM2 inhibitors.

Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited is in the process of developing DS-3032 as a proto-oncogene protein C MDM2 inhibitor for the treatment of leukemia, and solid cancers. Some of the other companies having pipeline of MDM2 protein inhibitors include Aileron Therapeutics Inc., Amgen Inc., and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

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The report provides a comprehensive understanding of the pipeline activities covering all drug candidates under various stages of development, with detailed analysis of pipeline and clinical trials. Pipeline analysis of drugs by phases includes product description and development activities including information about clinical results, designations, collaborations, licencing, grants, technology and others.

Interleukin Receptor Modulators Therapeutics – Pipeline Analysis 2019

Interleukin receptors are a group of cytokine receptors that are expressed by leukocytes. Interleukin receptors play an important role in the functioning of the immune system. However, with complete knowledge of their role in pathogenesis of different diseases from allergic reactions to autoimmune disorders and even cancer makes these interleukin receptors an attractive target among different available treatment modalities.

Immune-modulatory role of interleukins as well as their direct and indirect contact with apoptosis and other cancer developments, angiogenesis and progression pathways makes them attractive targets for cancer treatment. GlaxoSmithKline plc is in the process of developing GSK2618960 as an interleukin 7 modulator for the treatment of Sjogren’s syndrome. Some of the other companies having pipeline of interleukin receptor modulators include Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., and Pfizer Inc.

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Pipeline Analysis of Endothelin Antagonists Therapeutics

Endothelin antagonists are drug candidates that acts against endothelin receptors and generate pharmacological actions such as blocking the vasoconstriction and mediate vasodilatation. Endothelin-1 is a peptide which is comprised of 21 amino acids and formed by vascular endothelium.

The biological molecule is a potent vasoconstrictor that binds to endothelin receptors A and B. This further leads to the activation of IP3 DA pathway that causes efflux of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum and produce vasoconstriction in the smooth muscles. The endothelin receptor B release nitric oxide that produce vasodilation effect in erectile muscles. The endothelin-1 releases calcium in heart, resulting in the increment of cardiac rate. The endothelin receptor antagonist is having powerful vasodilation properties as they have been shown to improve the hemodynamic and decrease the mortality rate in the mouse models of heart failure.

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AbbVie Inc. is in the process of developing ABT-627 as an endothelin receptor antagonist for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is developing ACT-132577 as an endothelin receptor antagonist for the treatment of resistant hypertension. Moreover, Retrophin Inc. is also developing sparsentan as an endothelin receptor antagonist for the treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc., and ENB Therapeutics LLC are some other companies having pipeline of endothelin receptor antagonist.

Visceral Pain Therapeutics- Pipeline Analysis 2018, Clinical Trials & Results

Visceral pain is the most frequent form of clinically relevant pain for those patients seek medical attention. There are several causes of visceral pain. Nociceptive pain causes direct injury of an internal organs, that leads to cardiac ischemic, and peptic ulcer.

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Medications for visceral pain treatment includes analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and serotonergic compounds. Opioids are also used for the treatment of a range of acute to chronic visceral pains.

Sacral nerve stimulation for interstitial cystitis and psychological management are some non-pharmacological treatment available for the management of visceral pain.

The drug candidates in visceral pain therapeutics pipeline include, but not limited to, NEO5937, ANAVEX 1066 and APD371. Neomed Management AS, Arena Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Anavex Life Sciences Corp. are some of the major companies having drugs in the visceral pain therapeutic pipeline.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Antagonists Therapeutics – Pipeline Analysis 2019

Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are a group of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that plays a major role in cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. In most of the cancer, EGFR are amplified and overexpressed, due to dysregulation, resulting in cancer development.

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EGFR inhibitors therapies have shown improvement by inhibiting receptor signalling and enhancing the effects of radiation therapy and conventional chemotherapy with their anti-tumor activity. Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Erlotinib and Afatinib are some of the major marketed drugs as anti-EGFR therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.

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Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. is in the process of developing Nimotuzumab as a humanized monoclonal antibody which acts as an EGFR inhibitor for the treatment of gastric cancer. Some of the other companies having pipeline of EGFR inhibitors include Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shionogi & Co. Ltd., AstraZeneca PLC, and Amgen Inc.